funcX: A Federated Function Serving Fabric for Science

Exploding data volumes and velocities, new computational methods and platforms, and ubiquitous connectivity demand new approaches to computation in the sciences. These new approaches must enable computation to be mobile, so that, for example, it can occur near data, be triggered by events (e.g., arrival of new data), be offloaded to specialized accelerators, or run remotely where resources are available. They also require new design approaches in which monolithic applications can be decomposed into smaller components, that may in turn be executed separately and on the most suitable resources. To address these needs we present funcX---a distributed function as a service (FaaS) platform that enables flexible, scalable, and high performance remote function execution. funcX's endpoint software can transform existing clouds, clusters, and supercomputers into function serving systems, while funcX's cloud-hosted service provides transparent, secure, and reliable function execution across a federated ecosystem of endpoints. We motivate the need for funcX with several scientific case studies, present our prototype design and implementation, show optimizations that deliver throughput in excess of 1 million functions per second, and demonstrate, via experiments on two supercomputers, that funcX can scale to more than more than 130000 concurrent workers.Comment: Accepted to ACM Symposium on High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing (HPDC 2020). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1908.0490

On the pathogenesis of penile venous leakage: role of the tunica albuginea

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Etiology of venogenic erectile dysfunction is not exactly known. Various pathologic processes were accused but none proved entirely satisfactory. These include presence of large venous channels draining corpora cavernosa, Peyronie's disease, diabetes and structural alterations in fibroblastic components of trabeculae and cavernous smooth muscles. We investigated hypothesis that tunica albuginea atrophy with a resulting subluxation and redundancy effects venous leakage during erection.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>18 patients (mean age 33.6 ± 2.8 SD years) with venogenic erectile dysfunction and 17 volunteers for control (mean age 31.7 ± 2.2 SD years) were studied. Intracorporal pressure was recorded in all subjects; tunica albuginea biopsies were taken from 18 patients and 9 controls and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stains.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In flaccid phase intracorporal pressure recorded a mean of 11.8 ± 0.8 cm H₂O for control subjects and for patients of 5.2 ± 0.6 cm, while during induced erection recorded 98.4 ± 6.2 and 5.9 ± 0.7 cmH₂O, respectively. Microscopically, tunica albuginea of controls consisted of circularly-oriented collagen impregnated with elastic fibers. Tunica albuginea of patients showed degenerative and atrophic changes of collagen fibers; elastic fibers were scarce or absent.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Study has shown that during erection intracorporal pressure of patients with venogenic erectile dysfunction was significantly lower than that of controls. Tunica albuginea collagen fibers exhibited degenerative and atrophic changes which presumably lead to tunica albuginea subluxation and floppiness. These tunica albuginea changes seem to explain cause of lowered intracorporal pressure which apparently results from loss of tunica albuginea veno-occlusive mechanism. Causes of tunica albuginea atrophic changes and subluxation need to be studied.</p

Triaxial Deformation and Nuclear Shape Transition in \u3csup\u3e192\u3c/sup\u3eAu

Background: Nuclei in the A≈190 mass region show gradual shape changes from prolate through nonaxial deformed shapes and ultimately towards spherical shapes as the Pb region is approached. Exploring how this shape evolution occurs will help us understand the evolution of collectivity in this region. Purpose: The level scheme of the 192Au nucleus in A ≈ 190 region was studied in order to deduce its deformations. Methods: High-spin states of 192Au have been populated in the 186W(11B, 5n) reaction at a beam energy of 68 MeV and their γ decay was studied using the YRAST Ball detector array at the Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory (WNSL), Yale University. Results: Based on double and triple γ-ray coincidence data the level scheme of 192Au has been extended up to Iπ = 32+ at an excitation energy of ∼6 MeV. Conclusion: The results are discussed in the framework of pairing and deformation self-consistent total Routhian surface (TRS) and cranked shell model (CSM) calculations. The comparison of the experimental observations with the calculations indicates that this nucleus takes a nonaxial shape similar to other Au nuclei in this region

M1 and E2 transition rates from core-excited states in semi-magic 94Ru

Lifetimes of high-spin states have been measured in the semi-magic (N= 50) nucleus 94Ru. Excited states in 94Ru were populated in the 58Ni(40Ca, 4p)94Ru* fusion-evaporation reaction at the Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL) accelerator complex. DSAM lifetime analysis was performed on the Doppler broadened line shapes in energy spectra obtained from γ-rays emitted while the residual nuclei were slowing down in a thick 6mg/cm^2 metallic 58Ni target. In total eight excited-state lifetimes in the angular momentum range I= (13 - 20) ℏ have been measured, five of which were determined for the first time. The corresponding B(M1) and B(E2) reduced transition strengths are discussed within the framework of large-scale shell model calculations to study the contribution of different particle-hole configurations, in particular for analyzing contributions from core-excited configurations

A proof of a conjecture of Melham

In this paper, we consider Melham's conjecture involving Fibonacci and Lucas numbers. After rewriting it in terms of Fibonomial coefficients, we give a solution of the conjecture by evaluating a certain g-sum using contour integration

Formulas for Fibonomial Sums with Fibonacci Coefficients

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